Computer Software Evaluation Factors

A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF MATERIAL SUCCESS limiting factors CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT PROJECT IN NIGERIA

A SYSTEMS APPROACH IN THE ANALYSIS OF FACTORS LIMITING MATERIAL FOR SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECT IN NIGERIA.

By Dr. ANIVS Nwachukwu CC FCRMI Professor, Project Management Technology Department, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, West Africa. GSM, 08033289740, E-Mail; nedumchisma@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The study looked at the materials as part of the direct and indirect limit the success of construction project management of public and private sector in Nigeria by focusing systems. This study is very relevant as any limit to success in the construction sector has a significant effect on overall economic growth of the nation. data analysis were calculated subjective data on factors related indices Relevance of attributes. Factor analysis is used to close the variable factors to the least, but related yes. The result of analysis of material factors that lead to the development of a computer model and advanced software that includes project management as a tool materials effective monitoring of projects with the time and cost variables.

KEY WORDS

Factors limiting materials Relative importance of system attributes, and Private Construction Public Sector.

INTRODUCTION

construction industry could be classified among the top four out of twenty economic sectors in terms of linkages. The importance of this sector as a development agent is enhanced by its ability to provide gainful employment for the full population of the nation. To this end therefore the strategic importance of the construction industry of a growing economy like Nigeria can not be over-emphasized as we have seen that the industry has a significant percentage of the country's Gross Domestic Product and employs a significant fraction of the workforce. Construction industry is an important index factor in social and political integration of society and ranks as one of the key budget areas of developing economies. The construction industry has proved to be the cornerstone and the basis for rapid economic growth of any nation (Bhavesh, 2006). This is underscored by the fact that capital projects in the budget of most of Nigeria account for over 40% of the total projected expenditure in both federal and state annual budgets, as well as nations developing various mobile plans. The product of the construction industry is desired not to create services such as trade and industry have a structural basis. According with Eric, 2003, "the industry is likely to remain an important area of development activity and the need for the provision and replacement of critical infrastructure relevant in the coming years. "

This study is limited to the material factors limiting construction project management success in Nigeria. The success of the project limits as an interrelated system and have a significant effect of individual and collective public and private sectors of the economy.

OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

The aim of this study is to identify and analyze material of limiting factors for success Project management of the construction of both private and public sector in Nigeria. The analysis reflects the strength of each factor and the speed at which influences the failure abandonment and the collapse of construction projects in Nigeria. The outcome of the results if applied is expected to reduce the speed at which projects fail in Nigeria if not eliminated.

METHODOLOGY

Data for analysis was through direct sources and indirect. A form of five-point Likert scale was used in designing the questionnaire. Factor analysis was used to close the variables to the variables least but interrelated. The analysis of variance was used to confirm the differences in the level of significance of these factors limit the success of the project. Analysis focused on limiting the costs associated with the construction of the Ten structures of the buildings housing the Owerri Imo State Secretariat for ten construction companies different construction of the Onitsha Owerri road is still underway and the building of the Oceanic bank along the Douglas road Owerri, all in eastern Nigeria, West Africa Sub-Region. The analysis is Derrida formula =? CI / CI x 100.

STUDY HISTORY

The modern concept of the history of the construction industry increased responsibilities for resource management humans, especially in the acquisition of materials that is evident in the role of higher management contractor. The Latham report in 1994, the Egan Report in 1998, and the result Rethinking construction helped to galvanize the pace of change in place of materials in the construction industry. The report calls for "radical change in requirements specification processes of construction materials in project design, procurement, storage and installation. The four elements key "product development, project implementation, the association of the supply chain and production of components should be subject, he said, innovation processes resulting from the integrated project. More importantly, the report urges the development of a culture of performance measurement in materials handling at that the effectiveness of such innovations could be evaluated and promoted continuous improvement. Seven targets were set in relation to improvements in cost, time predictability, defects, accidents, productivity in the management of materials.

The evolution of sophisticated building materials and the effect of communication on improving marketing strategies is an index of colon avialability. However, building materials available to choose from are many, some of the materials are new and untested. strict rules are still necessary, for example to meet the law requirements of environmental protection. Construction methods have changed over the years from simple bricks and blocks lie the concrete sophisticated, complex steel constructions, both in situ and manufactured. These methods require a different management approach than conventional systems could cope.

The material identified FACTORS RELATED TO LIMIT THE SUCCESSFUL PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR IN NIGERIA ARE:

1. * Detailed incomplete in the physical facilities and functional life of materials.

* Delays in procurement caused by the customer, the team project, and / or contractors and their implications for construction cost and time.

* The lack of detailed information on the effects of time of some building materials and its implications in terms of installation, durability, maintenance capabilities of the materials purchased, including foreign.

* The effective and efficient management of materials purchased on the site, inadequate or incomplete specification in the design and documentation.

* Cost initial error estimates on the type of material, quantity and quality.

* Attitude of the project team and customer facing material on the control and monitoring site during construction.

* Forecasting the effect of inflation on materials in the design and planning stages.

* High cost of basic construction materials and their effect on construction projects because of delays and neglect.

* Bribery and corruption as they affect the cost of material acquisition.

* Inadequate established and cost of materials control systematic procedure for the design of the project and construction.

* Teams rarely used to measure the weight and quality of materials. * The critical and crucial issues such as personal motivation materials affect the design, procurement and storage are usually not considered and specified clearly. * Lack of adequate information on the consequences health of some materials on end-users and the process of handling during installation.

* Minimize specialist work, promotion costs in the first interim amounts of some materials.

* Specialist work in some plant materials are not well defined at the beginning the project.

* The clarity of the design brief and the minimum difference in materials design.

The research model

The model in Figure 1 consists of direct and indirect variables developed as a comprehensive approach to solve the problem of project management success limited in the construction industry in Nigeria. This study is based on the analysis of material factors only as a subsystem of the present general. The arrows in the model show how variables are related and are within the agency. To do this, we show that any other factor that affects a variable invariably subsystem affect all the other elements of that system and other subsystems.

Time Subsystem

SUBSYSTEM

CLIENT SUBSYSTEM

SSSSUBSUBSYSTEM

PROJECT MANAGEMENT SUBSYSTEM

SUBSYSTEM

ENVIRONMENTAL SUBSYSTEM

CONSTRUCTION

SUBSYSTEM

System Design

SUBSYSTEM

QUALITY SUBSYSTEM

SUBSYSTEM

Figure 1 CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT SUCCESS interactive model made by the researcher

Main factor loadings Public and Private Sector Materials Sub-System variables yt RRIA here.

Table 1 Load Factor

common variables

Public

Private

Factor 1

Fluctuation in the cost of materials

Inadequate storage facilities, ambiguous Specification material for design.

initial material cost estimation errors

Project team's attitude towards material wastage.

Forecasting the effect of the cost of a decision before the application of material substitution

Inadequate systematic set cost and material control Procedure

Critical and crucial issues that affect the materials are not considered

Inadequate planning of alternative materials

Minimize the specialized work and the first provisional sums causing the cost of materials

The clarity of the design brief and minimal design gap

0.51628

0.66515

0.54089

0.61521

0.60849

0.66303

0.64086

0.65712

0.61150

0.49967

0.50220

0.69005

0.55518

0.5782

0.64619

0.66445

0.63301

0.67830

0.54593

0.48571

Unforeseen circumstances

The high interest rates of the facilities loan for the acquisition of material

Bribery and corruption

Minimize claims through thorough understanding of the conditions Contract

Design capacity to achieve economy in materials

frequent change orders / changes with financial implications

construction delays

Cost control during design stage

0.58869 (4)

0.47275 (3)

0.37300 (5)

0.50749 (3)

0.54449 (2)

0.54988 (2)

0.52056 (2)

0.46890 (2)

0.56538 (2)

0.54608 (1)

0.61019 (1)

0.50174 (1)

0.69529 (1)

0.585509 (1)

0.595144 (1)

0.54362 (2)

0.55482 (2)

0.51020 (2)

Source: Study Team analysis

ANALYSIS OF VARIABLES

The material subsystem, three main factors that have eigenvalues greater than 1.0 were obtained in both projects public and private sector for the purposes of extracting the factors relevant to the calculation, only the largest factors which 0,400 were considered. Moreover, the various factors that descriptive names were given on the basis of their most basic variables, ie variables with more high loads. It was also noted that a number of variables over a load. For the purposes of the burden of extracted factors, the variables are grouped with the factors have the highest Presentation.

Table 2 values above 1.0, the percentage and cumulative percentage variation

A – PUBLIC

B – PRIVATE

Factors

Eigenvalues

Percentage of variance

%

Cumulative percentage variation

Eigenvalues

Percentage of variance

%

Cumulative percentage of variance

%

1.

2.

3.

4.21470

3.42151

2.36102

17.7

10.1

8.3

17.7

29.4

51.1

3.61363

3.16195

1.45613

23.1

14.1

5.8

23.1

54.4

61.3

Source: Study Team Analysis

Table 3 (A, B) variable in size groups with the main factors

A - public sector construction

Extracted factors and their cargoes N variables of the variable L / D Factor Name

factor for

1 M2 M5 M6 M7 M8 M11 M14 M13 10 A thoroughly detailed scoping,

1. 0.51628 0.66515 0.54089 0.61521 0.60849 0.66303 0.64085 0.65712 proper planning and attitude

M15 M16 towards materials management

0.49967 0.61150

2 M1, M3, M1 M17 M198 5 Effects of the purchase of materials and

1. 0.52056 0.46898 -0.54449 0.54988 -0.56538 storage, delays and use uneconomic.

3 M9 M12 2 Fluctuations in cost of materials

1. 0.47275 0.50749 and variation in quality.

4 M4 unforeseen circumstances

0.58869

M10 A bribery and corruption in procurement processes

0.37380

Team sources study analysis

B - Private sector construction

1. M2 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 16 scope definition and detailed planning
2. 0,54608 0,50228 0.69005 0.55518 0.65782 0.4619 0.61019 0.50174 collecting and storing material

M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16 M17 M18

1. 0,66445 0.69529 0.63301 0.67830 0.54593 0.48571 0.58509 0.59594
2. M1, M3, M19 3 Financial implications of the variation in material variations
3. -0.54362 0.51020 -0.55482

3 – - – - – - – - –

Source: Study Team Analysis

RESULTS FACTOR ANALYSIS OF VARIABLES FOR PUBLIC GOODS

Interestingly, 4 of the 6 attributes that define this dimension are related only to the initial definition phase of the project, while only two relate to the other stages. These are the "fluctuations in the cost materials "and" project team attitude towards the management of materials. "The second attribute is also very important in the definition stage because the attitude of the client and project team to manage materials in the first stage has marked effect in achieving the project goal. Attitudes of client and project team towards the management of the materials are very important. Fluctuation in the cost of materials is another variable that is loaded into the first sector. The materials could be bought in bulk, payment and procedure for the payment or nonpayment fluctuation built in the early conceptual planning phase. The second factor identified as "effects of the variation in material costs, delays and cost effective material specification in the design "is defined by five variables, two of which the positive charge while 3 of negative charge on the factor, 4 variables have factor loadings greater than 0.5000, while charging a variable less than 0.5000. These variables include orders frequent changes, delays, minimizing complaints, the economy of design and control of the set of costs. This factor explains 12.1% variance explanation eigenvalue of 2.24. change orders and frequent changes in recruitment materials with fourth.Factor two variations have direct and indirect effect the waste of material. Direct that the quality of materials, labor and the plant are affected or altered indirectly, also has a detrimental effect on schedule that most affects the cost. This variable, which is endemic in Nigeria's construction sector, it has its roots in the inadequate scope definition during conceptual phase and therefore, relate to the factors described above.

Extracted variables and loads

N variables L / D for a factor

Factor Name

1.

M15 0.64065

MC16

0.58676

M17

0.76118

M18

0.73077

M-19

0.68088

5

The detailed specification of material requirements and manufacturing planning of the initial offer.

2.

M1

0.62969

M2

0.76537

M3

0.59939

M5

0.59243

M13

0.51608

M14

0.68307

6

variations specifications of quality materials

3.

M6

0.76067

M7

0.53492

M8

0.60394

M9

0.67423

4

Interest rates on loans for the supply of material and manufacturing control efficient use.

4.

M11

0.57173

M12

0.76432

2

initial material cost error estimation

5.

M4

0.61636

M10

0.57842

2

Unforeseen circumstances and bribery and corruption

Table 4 A – Analysis of Public Sector factors

Source: Study Team Analysis

The results of the welded material subsystem factor analysis of the Sector

The materials sub-sector, five factors accounted for 62% of the explanations variation in total input removed. For details of the charges of his factor, eigenvalue the proportion of variance for one explanatory factor, a greater proportion of variance is therefore to the factors in the private sector in the sector construct5ion public.

The dominant factor, one says 33% of the variance versus 27.7% in the public sector. But unlike the public sector, which has 10 variables, This factor has 16 variables load on which of the 19 variables. Public and private sectors shared 10 variables loaded on the dominant factors. planning materials for the design stage of cargo than in the private sector shows the importance of this variable in this sector. effective material planning at an early stage is a prerequisite to stay within budget once all the factors that affect costs during the implementation phase will take into account the measures taken by them. There however, the tendency for members of the project team to deliberately underestimate the substance of a project to get a move on the approval of authorities as a trading strategy. From the private sector factor analysis, the second factor has three variables loading on it, two negative and one positive. The variables are negatively charged "frequent change orders and variations of materials on the financial side" and "construction delays" based on lack of availability of materials requested. The variable is positively charged "materials planning and control during the design stage."

Table 4B-Private Sector factorial analysis

Factors

Extracted variables and loads

N of the variables of L / D for a factor

Factor Name

1.

M6

0.79724

M7

0.57957

M8

0.56280

M10

0.62932

M11

0.53132

M12

0.56207

6

Systematic recruitment materials and procedure control

2.

M15

0.69186

M17

0.71451

M18

0.57367

M19

0.77705

4

detailed scoping of the material needs of early planning and design costs for the paucity of material

3.

M1

0.68853

M2

0.83431

M3

0.80075

MC9

0.52054

4

effects of fluctuations in the cost, delays and variations in the use of materials

4.

M5

0.55708

MC13

0.75255

M14

0.53159

3

poor materials inventory control

5.

M4

0.57955

M16

0.66652

2

Weather effect on materials

Source: Analysis of the study team

The first part of the table shows the comparison between public sector construction in terms of the main loads of several variables. The 10 variables are common to both sectors loads on factor 1, which show that the charges are generally similar in 14 of the 19 variables. The second factor is defined by six variables, a high load and the other 5 moderately high. The variables are greater workload fluctuations materials and plant costs (inflation). The variable is a significant factor that affects the limited material in the public sector construction. The following variable load is highly inadequate planning followed by frequent change orders and variations to their financial implications. construction delays and design inadequate or incomplete are approximately equal loading 0.59939 and 0.59243 respectively. The variable that less is loaded into this factor is critical and crucial issues that affect materials supply and use. Factor 2 is therefore called "inflation, changes and bad planning." Comparing this with the corresponding factor 2 (main factors), 5 variables are common to both. Factor 3 has four variables load on it at two variables loading on factor 3 with the main factors. The four variables include the starting material cost estimation errors, the attitude towards material wastage by project staff, materials specifications ambiguous conception rates and loan interest to purchase materials. The variable common to the two factors is the high interest rates. This factor is therefore called "interest rates, the attitude and efficient cost control" The fourth factor is defined by only two variables, inadequate procedures set of cost control in the acquisition of material. The corresponding factor 4 using primary factors only a variable load on it (unexpected) as Therefore, there is no common variable between the two factors. The fifth factor is also defined by two variables, certain contingencies of the likelihood of unexpected events Area employers and risk of bribery and corruption. Interestingly, the factor of five main factors, it is bribery and corruption as variable charging him alone.

CONCLUSION

S material, I suggest that you should not consider has to take charge of the costs. The four direct factors of time, cost, quality and materials management are intertwined, interrelated and should be monitored for factors critical limit the success of any construction project management regardless of the magnitude of the construction work. We know how interested in project delays in procurement, inventory and so practices could prevent the onset of a critical and invariably affects the costs in all its ramifications. In a long-term health consequences of a building material can affect the value of a property built as the use of asbestos material on the roof and ceiling. In addition, the inability of the implications for climate analysis of some domestic and imported material will definitely affect the maintenance of the structure built. Some materials expire during the implementation process of the construction project and replacement of the doubt affect the construction time, cost and quality work.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Materials specification and analysis should be seen as an important index in evaluating proposals project. There should be no ambiguity in the specification of materials in the design especially for complex prosals. interested in the project should see the material factors as part of the direct factors that should be observed carefully for the project to succeed. The result of this analysis of material factors will lead to the development of a computer model and a construction project management advanced ceramics including soft material handling and substitution as an effective tool in monitoring the projects with the time and cost

Team-based project management techniques should be used in programming analysis of costs, monitoring and smoothing of the activities during project implementation.

A project manager should be appointed early enough in the project life cycle management to manage from start to finish. This project manager in conjunction with the design members team should define the scope of the works in detail in terms of alternative materials.

REFERENCES

Ashley, DB, Lurie, LS (2004) Determination construction project

Success, Project Management Journal, vol. XVII No. 2. PP146

Baker, M. L (2002) Management Materials and Systems Analysis

Project Management, Vol 4. No 8.PP 45.

Bhavesh. M. P (2006) Management Project Financial Planning Strategy,

Assessment and Control, New Delhi, PTV Ltd.

Cleland, DI and King, WR (1988) Management of projects concerned, the Draft

Management Journal, vol. 17, No. 4. PP 36

Cleland, DI (1986) Project Management Handbook, Second Edition, New

York, Van Nostrand Reinhold USA, 964 PP

Dugun, SL and Barry, UB (2006), Planning for construction purposes. Journal

Construction Engineering and Management. Vo. 115 PP No. 1 70.

Eric, CE, (2003) Architecture and Data Management at hand, London

McGraw-Hill, 531 PP

Harold, R K. (2004) Project Management A systems approach to planning,

Programming and control of New Delhi, India. SK Jain Publishers, pp68

Macomber, EA (2008) "Project management reform"

http:///weblog.halmacomber.com// 5/4/2006

Milosevic, DZ (2007) Systems Approach to Strategic Project Management.

International Journal of Project Management. Vol.7 No. 3. PP57

Children, GE and Wearne, SH (2005) "Control Project during construction."

Proceedings of the Institute of Civil Engineers Part 1 of 8 August 1980

Engineering management groups: PP 913.

Nwachukwu, CC (2008) Analysis of factors limiting project

The successful management of the construction of public and private sector

Nigeria, an unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Federal University of

Technology Owerri.

Roy, PD (2005), the Project Manager of Construction and Engineering Group Human Cost Theories, vol. 31 N º 7PP10

About the Author

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Glass Eye 2000 Software $149.95 Glass Eye 2000 Standard Edition is the software that gives stained glass artists a simple way to create, adapt, and print custom patterns using their computers. Start with any of the 400 patterns in its library or design a pattern from scratch with a collection of easy to learn, easy to use drawing tools. Glass Eye 2000 has been called the industry standard in stained glass design software by both Spectrum Glass and Glass Patterns Quarterly. Runs on all versions of Windows, including Vista, and MACS running Virtual PC or Boot Camp. Please note opened software can not be returned. Features Draw Patterns and Add Glass Colors Use the drawing tools to create patterns, then apply realistic glass colors and textures. Resize to Any Dimensions Scale your pattern to the size you need Number the Pieces Instantly numbers even complex designs Print Full-Size Patterns Print from your printer. If a design doesn and 39;t fit on a single sheet, it automatically tiles the image to several sheets you can then assemble into a full-size pattern. Getting Started is Easy. Software Includes Extensive help system (for an example see computer screen image below) In-depth tutorial Introductory Video Free technical support for 30 days Plus Includes a calculator that shows materials usage, and a handy cost estimator that takes the guesswork out of pricing your design. For an example see the computer screen image below. Experiment with different glass colors and textures in your design to visualize your creation before cutting a single piece. Glass Eye 2000 can number all your pieces instantly. For example see the numbered Hummingbird pattern below. Includes 400 patterns, 77 from CKE. For an example see the Poppies pattern below. Design with bevels. Includes bevel library with 72 stock bevels and 89 Mika bevel clusters. For an example see the bevel pattern below.

Computer Arts Pro Software Guide: Photoshop – Computer Arts Pro Software Guide: Photoshop – Single Copy $5.83 Work faster and smarter, building existing design skills and fine-tuning your workflow and creative processes with expert guides, ultimate inspiration and pro-techniques all packed into a handy 116-page guide. Features Include: • New ways to use layers to make your creative process slicker • 50 ways to traceless retouching • Transform your illustration workflow with Photoshop • Achieve smooth retouching without losing realism • The quick, easy way to mock up websites with Photoshop • Harness the power of curves ****Note: This digital edition is not printable and does not include the covermoun

Computer Arts Pro Software Guide: InDesign – Computer Arts Pro Software Guide: InDesign – Single Copy $5.83 This is a 116 page in-depth guide, designed to help creative professionals refine their print and publishing skills. Featuring 150 essential new techniques, you can learn how to work smarter and faster whilst speeding up your design workflow. Whether you spend your day laying out newspapers, magazines, brochures or reports – or are exploiting CS5.5′s digital publishing capalities and designing for iPad – you’ll find plenty of expert advice for getting more from InDesign at every stage of the production process. ****Note: This digital edition is not printable and does not include the covermount

Computer Arts Pro Software Guide: Illustrator – Computer Arts Pro Software Guide: Illustrator – Single Copy $5.83 Featuring: •Paths and Bezler Curves – Get more from everyday tools •Pathfinder & Shapes – Unlock the potential of Pathfinder palette & CS5′s new Shape Builder •Artboards and Grids – Breeze through complex projects •Packaging – Create better packaging work from dielines to colour separations •Logo Design – 50 all-new ways to create stunning logos every time! ****Note: This digital edition is not printable and does not include the covermount items or supplements you would find with printed copies****

SIGMA SPORT BC1609 / STS Cadence Bike Computer – Wireless $95 The Sigma Sport BC1609 / STS Cadence wireless bike computer is meant for training. It features countdown, stop watch and cadence measurement. Temperature display, 2 wheel size setting and an illuminated display round off the wide variety of functions. Shows current and average cadence and a comparison of current and average speed. Total distance and total ride time for Bike 1, Bike 2 and Bike 1 + 2 (neither shown while riding). Programmable trip section counts up and counts down. Adjusts for 2 different wheel sizes; automatic recognition of second bike. Backlight optimizes readability at night. When battery starts to run out, a corresponding warning appears on the display; all presettings and total values remain intact when battery is changed. 7 language settings. Watertight design and tool-free mounting. Batteries included, but not installed. Includes a voucher to download the latest version of Data Center Software at 50% off; allows manual data input to your PC from each trip for detailed evaluation.

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